Sun 1-8-2004
Notes:
Background:
- Free Software (4 freedoms)
- Open Source (security in Linux)
- Q: Benefits of Free Software\Open Source
- Do it yourself
- Limited markets\needs (e.g gimp module for color blind ppl)
- Price (legal)
Installation:
- What is Booting?
- BIOS
- General rules of installing a new operating system?
- Partitioning
- Package Selection
- Locale selection
- Hardware configuration
- Boot Loader
- Network configuration
- Partions in Linux:
- at least 2
- swap
- Hardware problems?
- with internal modems
- Linux comes with all drivers
- Security:
- Levels
- Administrator (root user)
- Partitioning:
- If you have windows there will be 1 more options (use free space on windows)
- You need to defrag before resizing a windows partition
- Custom disk partitioning
- types of file system
- use journalized ext3
- Packages:
- Desktop layers
- LSB: Linux standard Base
- If you choose to install servers, Mandrake makes sure of your choice (security)
- Users
- / and the root user are not related
- Multiuser system
- Administrator is the only user who can change the settings of the system
- you need to press accept user before you press next
- Boot Loader
- accept the suggested options
There was an error in the Cds so we delayed the rest of the installation demonstration to the 2nd session and skiped to Desktop demonstration.
Desktop:
- Clipboard
- Maximize, Minimize
- Mandrake Documentation
What do use Computer in?
- Office
- Internet
- Multimedia
- Programming:
- C++ (can do it on Linux)
- C# (under developmnet)
- C (can do it on Linux)
- Visual Basic (Gambas is similar)
- Visual C++ (can't do it, it's a M$ product)
- Java (can do it on Linux)
- Scripting (perl, python, php)
- for embeded devices (can do it on Linux)
- Graphics
- photoshop (GIMP)
- flash
Tue 3-8-2004
Notes:
Installation (cont.)
- root user, useers
- Location
- Time Zone
- GMT (Don't select it if yoou are using windows)
- ???
- Network
- Installer thinks you are using dhcp, but you need to configure the network
- LAN connection (also if you have DSL @ home)
- choose eth0
- ignore that it's already detected and manual config it
- remove network hot plugin option (useful if you will remove the cable in the middle of the install)
- configure the network same as we configured it before (59, 60, 61, 62, 29, 63, 64) gateway (1.1)
- DNS:
- 62.140.73.1
- 62.140.73.2
- 161.121.2.2
- Firewall:
- everything allowed
- Updates
- select No
- Last screen: (Advanced button)
- Auto install floppy (useful if you will install on other identical PCs)
- Save package selection (useful if you will install on other different PCs and you want to install the same set of packages)
Will need to install:
- Mozilla (better do it while installation)
- Scribus
- Superkaramba
- Nvu
- Blender
- Inkscape
- Lifrea
Desktop:
- Add panel
- Applets
- KDE --> configure your desktop
Office:
- KOffice and GnomeOffice
- OpenOffice:
- OOWriter (styles, export to pdf, advanced html)
- OOCalc (more accurate, gnumeric, export to pdf)
- OOImpress (export to pdf or macromedia flash)
- OpenOffice has a windows version
Internet Apps:
- Netscape 1998 --> Mozilla
- Konquerer
- Mozilla
- CTRL T --> open new tabs
- F9 --> sidebar (search, bookmarks, history)
- sidebar is expandable (news)
- edit --> preferences --> languages (make default character encoding windows 1256)
- Apperance ==> plugins (XUL platform)
- Mozilla mail
- same as outlook express
- can open newsgroups
- scripts to get your email from yahoo, hotmail, gmail
- Kontact
- same as Microsoft Outlook
- to do + mail + ...
- Kolab
- Kopete
- needs upgrade for yahoo and msn
- video & voice chat not supported yet (working on it in gaim)
- plugins (dictionary, encryption)
- Konquerer
- network icon (sftp://ip)
- Liferea
- get RSS feed of EGLUG
- In preferences: use browser command (mozilla %s)
- gftp
- kget (equivalent to getright)
Multimedia:
- Totem (get movies from sftp://192.168.1.64)
- Gmplayer and Mplayer
- Gimp 2 (/usr/share/wallpapers)
- Gqview
- duplicate (grap all & drop, compare by)
- info about digital images
- Sort manager
- kdeinlive (similar to moviemaker)
- Cinelara (hard), Avidimux (easy)
- Audicity
- Ardur (hard)
- Blender (equivalent tp 3dmax)
- export source code to OpenGL
- scripts with python (3d interactive)
- filter ability
- Blender interactive version generates executables for windows, makintosh and Linux
- Inkscape
- supports svg
- make paths that you can use for filters or selection areas in gimp
- Qcad (office --> graphs)
- Superkaramba
- /usr/share/apps/superkaramba/themes
- move it eith ALT
- Nvu
- Gnucash (office --> finances)
- Scribus (equivalent to publisher, quarkx express)
- desktopp publishing tools
- no arabic support yet
- Dia: connected graphs (office --> graphs)
- Imageseek (just mentioned it)
- LyX
- WYSIWYM
- export to pdf
Web Apps:
70% of the web servers are apache servers
Thr 5-8-2004
Notes:
Closer look on the OS (components and concepts)
- Compatible with Unix
- GNU\Linux didn't take of Unix but is similar to it
- Simplicity:
- single task, do it well
- procedure for communication
- Linux kernel:
- hardware drivers
- networking
- file system
- GNU tools:
- GNU Development tools:
- libraries
- compilers (install, build)
- use it if you want to compile a driver for example
- we can say that Linux consists of:
- kernel
- GNU tools
- GNU development tools
- hardware
- --> kernel
- --> X server
- --> desktop
- --> X server
- --> kernel
- graphical == X window system
- login in failsafe
- graphical interface without desktop environment
- no panels, icons, background, borders, menu
- CTRL + ALT + backspace to logout of graphical interface
- Client - Server:
- X window
- cups (for printers)
- sane (for scanners)
- Samba
- see windows network
- see windows share
- share from my desktop
- services:
- crond
- sshd
- Single tree
- file names (case sensitive)
- file system
- choose depends on the purpose of the directory
file tree (EVERYTHING is a FILE):
- /bin ==> programs (minimum programs only, e.g. gnu tools)
- /boot ==> kernel (vmlinuz2.6...)
- /etc ==> configuration files of the whole system
- /mnt ==> mount external media
- /root ==> home of the root user
- /sbin ==> programs/commands that only the root can use
- /tmp ==> temporary files
- /var ==> files that are modified while we are working (e.g. score of a game)
- /usr has bin, etc,.. same as /
- /usr/bin ==> executables of all applications
- /usr/include ==> header files
- /usr/lib ==> libraries for apps
- /usr/share ==> the rest of the files of each apps
- /usr/share/doc ==> all documentations and manuals
- /dev
- cdroms and disks
- cdrom, disk, partition, mouse are files from the point of view of the OS
- ex: cat /dev/mouse , then move the mouse and observe
- /proc ==> information about all the state of the OS and the processes that are running
- /proc/meminfo
File types:
- regular files
- device files
- sockets (client server)
- links
- forgot to mention hidden files
Permissions, Users & groups:
- permissions for:
- owner
- group
- others
- permissions (for files and directories) are:
- read
- write
- execute
- directory permissioons:
- no read ==> can't read any file in this directory even if you have permission to read the file itself
- no write ==> can modify the files in this directory if I have write permission to them, but can't add or delete a new file in it
- execute ==> can go through/inside it
- Advanced: Programs have owner and group when they are running ???
- set UID ==> give the program the permisions of the user of the file not those of who started the program
- set GID ==> same but for the group (e.g. used in score of games)
- sticky bit ???
- set UID and GID have no meaning for directories
Mandrake Control Center
- Boot Loader:
- number of seconds befre automatic loading
- if i added another OS after Linux and want to add it in the boot loader
- choose the default OS
- Hardware: (configuration)
- Mount points:
- partitioning, and change mount points of partitions
- NFS for network of other Linuxes and Unixes
- samba
- webDAV (mount webserver directories as file system)
- user disk sharing (allows user to make a share directory on NFS or samba)
- Network and Internet:
- Internet connection sharing
- transparent proxy (caching sites, filtering, organizes the requests of all the users), no need to config the browsers of users
- Internet connection sharing
- Security:
- levels and checks
- permissions (chooses a policy for files improtant to the system)
- firewall (same as in installer)
- System:
- Menus
- Menu style --> add link to what to do menu, then save
- Display Manager
- services (start, stop, boot)
- fonts
- date & time
- logs (of the system)
- console (opens command line interface)
- users and groups:
- can add user and group password
- Backups
- backup system (/etc)
- backup users (/home)
- Advanced (choose which directory)
- back up where (harddisk, network, ...)
- incremental and differential backups
- Menus
- Software Manager
- Install and Remove
- Mandrake choices
- choose package by: (selection, repository, update)
- info (maximum)
- Updates
- security, bug fixes, normal
- use rsync (fastest)
- Media Manager:
- main: 4cds
- contrib: 5cds (by users tested by mandrake)
- plf: 2cds (multimedia, codecs, games, peer2peer)
- other
- Install and Remove
(not finished yet)
How to get HELP?
- how to open a terminal/switch to the console
- how to run a command
- how to run a command as root
- Resources for this course
- packaging --> easy urpmi
- use the small index option (less discription) for dial up
- packaging --> easy urpmi
- wiki
- forum
- articles
- #eglug (irc.freenode.org)
- Saturdays 10 a.m. to 5 p.m
Questions Asked during the course:
Q: Where is the source code?
You can get the source code of the GNU\Linux OS and its Free Applications from the internet, visit the website of the projecr/software and you will find its source code.
Q: What is the language that is used in programming Linux?
A: The GNU\Linux operating system and its applications are programmed using different languages, among them: C, C++, perl, python, lisb, ruby.
- The Linux kernel and the GNU tools are written in C.
- Many of the desktop applications are written in C++, e.g. Mozilla, Open Office.
- The Mandrake installer is written in perl
Q: Are programs on Linux small?
A: yes, they are. Each program does a specific task and does it very good, and they depend upon existing packages